UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL
"SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ"
NÚCLEO PALO VERDE

CONTENIDO PROGRAMÁTICO

TEMA 1: GENERALIDADES.

1. DEFINICIÓN DE FINANZAS.
2. CONCEPTO DE FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
3. IMPORTANCIA DE LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
4. NOMENCLATURA USADAS EN LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
5. VALOR DE CAMBIO CON RESPECTO AL DÓLAR Y AL EURO.
6. TIPOS DE OPERACIONES INTERNACIONALES.
7. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.

TEMA 2: BALANZA DE PAGOS.

1. CONCEPTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, TIPOS DE CUENTAS.
2. REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES CONTABLES.
3. PROBLEMAS EN EL REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
4. ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
5. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN VENEZUELA DESDE EL AÑO 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 3: SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO DEL SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.
2. SISTEMA PATRÓN ORO: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
3. SISTEMA BRETÓN WOODS: CONCEPTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS, COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1944 HASTA EL PRESENTE.
4. INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS INTERNACIONALES: FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA, ROL DE ESTOS ORGANISMOS A NIVEL GLOBAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS.
5. BANCO MUNDIAL: CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA Y ROL DE ESTE ORGANISMO MUNDIAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS TIEMPOS HASTA EL PRESENTE.
6. BANCO INTERNACIONAL DE PAGO (COMPENSACIÓN): ACUERDO DE BASILEA: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
7. SISTEMA MONETARIO EUROPEO: CREACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
8. LA MONEDA EURO: COTIZACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA (CANASTA DE VARIAS MONEDAS).
9. DERECHO ESPECIAL DE GIRO: CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y ESTRUCTURA.

TEMA 4: MERCADO CAMBIARIO.

1. CONCEPTO DE DIVISA.
2. MERCADO DE DIVISAS.
3. OPERACIONES DE CAMBIO EN EL MERCADO INTERNACIONAL.
4. TIPOS DE COTIZACIONES DE CAMBIO.
5. CONTRATOS A FUTURO (FORWARD): CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE CONTRATOS.
6. SISTEMA CAMBIARIO DE BANDAS: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
7. RIESGO CAMBIARIO: CONCEPTO, ELEMENTOS FUNDAMENTALES DEL RIESGO CAMBIARIO: POSICIÓN CORTA Y POSICIÓN LARGA, TIPOS DE RIESGOS DE CAMBIO: TRANSACCIÓN DE BALANCE Y ECONÓMICO, ENDEUDAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL EN MONEDA EXTRANJERA.
8. COMPORTAMIENTO DEL MERCADO CAMBIARIO EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 5: MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.
3. TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CRÉDITOS INTERNACIONALES. (TRAER MODELO).
4. MERCADO DE EURODÓLARES: TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO (TRAER MODELO).
5. MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE BONOS: CLASIFICACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE BONOS, ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
6. MERCADO DE EUROCRÉDITOS: ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.

TEMA 6: FINANCIAMIENTO DEL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. CARTA DE CRÉDITO: DEFINICIÓN, TIPOS, MODALIDADES, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS (TRAER MODELO).
3. COBRO DOCUMENTARIO: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
4. ACEPTACIÓN BANCARIA: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS. (TRAER MODELO).
5. FACTORIZACIÓN: DEFINICIÓN Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
6. FORFETIZACIÓN: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
7. ARRENDAMIENTO INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
8. PERMUTA INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).

TEMA 7: MERCADO BURSÁTIL INTERNACIONAL.

1. MERCADO WALL STREET (NEW YORK): FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
2. MERCADO DEL ORO: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
3. DEUDA EXTERNA MUNDIAL: MERCADO DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA LATINOAMERICANA, TIPOS DE TÍTULOS QUE SE COTIZAN Y OPERACIONES; PLAN BRADY: CONCEPTO, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS.
4. DEUDA EXTERNA VENEZOLANA: COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1983 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.
5. CLUB DE PARÍS: FUNCIONAMIENTO, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.
6. MERCADO DE TÍTULOS ADR Y GDR: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE ESTOS TÍTULOS.

TEMA 8: INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA.

1. CONCEPTO.
2. EFECTOS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN EL PAÍS RECEPTOR Y DEL PAÍS INVERSOR.
3. LA EMPRESA MULTINACIONAL: DEFINICIÓN, CARACTERÍSTICAS, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS DE SU INSTALACIÓN EN EL PAÍS.
4. FINANCIAMIENTO DE CASA MATRIZ A FILIAL Y VICEVERSA.
5. ASOCIACIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO EN VENEZUELA (TRAER 02 MODELOS DE CASOS EN NUESTRO PAÍS).
6. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.

jueves, 2 de octubre de 2025

Documento de referencia interno - financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com 15:48

Estimado financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com:

Su registro fue generado correctamente a las 15:48.

Ver comprobante

lunes, 29 de septiembre de 2025

Payment from your account.

Greetings!

I have to share bad news with you.
Approximately few months ago I have gained access to your devices, which you use for internet browsing.
After that, I have started tracking your internet activities.

Here is the sequence of events:
Some time ago I have purchased access to email accounts from hackers (nowadays, it is quite simple to purchase such thing online).
Obviously, I have easily managed to log in to your email account (financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com).

One week later, I have already installed Trojan virus to Operating Systems of all the devices that you use to access your email.
In fact, it was not really hard at all (since you were following the links from your inbox emails).
All ingenious is simple. ;)

This software provides me with access to all the controllers of your devices (e.g., your microphone, video camera and keyboard).
I have downloaded all your information, data, photos, web browsing history to my servers.
I have access to all your messengers, social networks, emails, chat history and contacts list.
My virus continuously refreshes the signatures (it is driver-based), and hence remains invisible for antivirus software.

Likewise, I guess by now you understand why I have stayed undetected until this letter...

While gathering information about you, I have discovered that you are a big fan of adult websites.
You really love visiting porn websites and watching exciting videos, while enduring an enormous amount of pleasure.
Well, I have managed to record a number of your dirty scenes and montaged a few videos, which show the way you masturbate and reach orgasms.

If you have doubts, I can make a few clicks of my mouse and all your videos will be shared to your friends, colleagues and relatives.
I have also no issue at all to make them available for public access.
I guess, you really don't want that to happen, considering the specificity of the videos you like to watch, (you perfectly know what I mean) it will cause a true catastrophe for you.

Let's settle it this way:
You transfer $1650 USD to me (in bitcoin equivalent according to the exchange rate at the moment of funds transfer), and once the transfer is received, I will delete all this dirty stuff right away.
After that we will forget about each other. I also promise to deactivate and delete all the harmful software from your devices. Trust me, I keep my word.

This is a fair deal and the price is quite low, considering that I have been checking out your profile and traffic for some time by now.
In case, if you don't know how to purchase and transfer the bitcoins - you can use any modern search engine.

Here is my bitcoin wallet:1LCvRgYda4NjVwJfhmT3eeeu1a9qWsCHit

You have less than 48 hours from the moment you opened this email (precisely 2 days).

Things you need to avoid from doing:
*Do not reply me (I have created this email inside your inbox and generated the return address).
*Do not try to contact police and other security services. In addition, forget about telling this to you friends. If I discover that (as you can see, it is really not so hard, considering that I control all your systems) - your video will be shared to public right away.
*Don't try to find me - it is absolutely pointless. All the cryptocurrency transactions are anonymous.
*Don't try to reinstall the OS on your devices or throw them away. It is pointless as well, since all the videos have already been saved at remote servers.

Things you don't need to worry about:
*That I won't be able to receive your funds transfer.
- Don't worry, I will see it right away, once you complete the transfer, since I continuously track all your activities (my trojan virus has got a remote-control feature, something like TeamViewer).
*That I will share your videos anyway after you complete the funds transfer.
- Trust me, I have no point to continue creating troubles in your life. If I really wanted that, I would do it long time ago!

Everything will be done in a fair manner!

One more thing... Don't get caught in similar kind of situations anymore in future!
My advice - keep changing all your passwords on a frequent basis

martes, 2 de septiembre de 2025

=?UTF-8?Q?Aviso de Operaci=C3=B3n - G1BRK - SPEI-MX-G1BRK?=

Apreciable Cliente: financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com

Recibiste via SPEI un abono por $*,****.** MXN a tu cuenta terminacion **G1BRK.*

Encuentre los Detalles Adjuntos CONFIRMACION DE PAGO G1BRK156884.

📎 1 adjunto 52KB
Pago.G1BRK365938.pdf

Descargar


02/09/2025 22:16

jueves, 21 de agosto de 2025

Su Recibo de Luz Pendiente - 21:34

Resultado de imagem para pdf
Descargar todo como.zip  archivos adjuntos (236 kb)

Se Anexa el seguiente Comprobante Fiscal Digital
Remitente: Servicio de Administración Tributaria.
Recipiente:  financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com
Hemos identificado que tienes pendiente de presentar, al 21 de Agosto de 2025, lo siguiente:
SERIE Y FOLIO: PB6MM2025
A quien Corresponda :                                         financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com
SERIE Y FOLIO:                                       PB6MM
FECHA DE EMISION:                               21/08/2025  
MONTO TOTAL:                                       *****.**


Consulte los datos adjuntos, por favor
https://verificacfdi.facturaelectronica.emision/emision.conectorfiscal.mx/descargascfd.jsp?idLiga=SFAC17#RND2#7#RND2#.pdf
Se Anexa el seguiente Comprobante Fiscal Digital en su formato PDF. {21:34 }.


Saludos Cordiales,
Servicio de Administración Tributaria
Este correo electrónico ha sido emitido por una institución Gubernamental Oficial. Todos los derechos reservados.

lunes, 4 de agosto de 2025

Análisis preliminar en curso – financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com

Poder Judicial de la Ciudad de México

Tribunal Superior de Justicia - Notificación Oficial

Buen día, financesinter.trabajos@blogger.com,

Se adjunta el acuerdo correspondiente, el cual deberá presentar impreso en la audiencia programada para el día lunes, 6 de Agosto de 2025, a las 10:00 horas.

Un cordial saludo,

Atentamente,
Leticia Flores
Oficial de Justicia
Poder Judicial de la Ciudad de México

Revisar Documento (PDF)

Unión Postal 13, Postal, Benito Juárez, 03410
Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
Tel: +52 55 5696 0968

jueves, 3 de julio de 2025

How to Turn $1,000 and 3 Hours a Week into Serious DeFi Yields (Without Gambling)

DeFi is an ocean of opportunities, but also a minefield of risks. If you're entering this space with only $1,000 and limited time, the worst thing you can do is gamble it all on speculative tokens. Instead, what you need is a deliberate, strategic approach that maximizes learning, minimizes exposure, and sets you up for long-term success.

This article outlines a practical DeFi plan tailored to those with small capital and tight schedules. You'll discover low-risk strategies, smart airdrop farming, effective liquidity provision, and how to earn passive income with minimal active management — all while building exposure to future opportunities.

Step 1: Start Slow — Your First Rule

If $1,000 is all you can allocate, then it's precious. Don't rush. The first priority is to learn how DeFi works using small amounts — think $10 or $20 — before committing real capital.

Key points:

  • Spend time testing wallets, bridges, swaps, and networks.
  • Track protocols that offer airdrop points for usage.
  • Join community Discords, follow dev teams, and read whitepapers.
"Speed is irrelevant if you're going in the wrong direction."

Step 2: Explore the DeFi Toolbox

Here are the core strategies available in DeFi today:

Lending Platforms (Low Risk)

  • Supply stablecoins and earn interest.
  • Optional: Borrow against your collateral and re-deposit (looping).

Delta-Neutral Strategies (Medium Risk)

  • Long and short the same asset across two platforms.
  • Capture funding rate spreads while avoiding market exposure.

Semi-Delta Neutral (Medium-High Risk)

  • Slight market exposure with added rewards potential.

Liquidity Pools (Variable Risk)

  • Provide tokens to trading pools and earn fees.
  • Use full-range LPs (passive) or concentrated LPs (active).

Strategy Spectrum by Risk/Time:

Step 3: Delta-Neutral Yield + Airdrop Farming

Earn APR now + a potential future airdrop — the holy grail of DeFi.

Open mirrored positions across two perpetual DEXes:

  • SHORT on one DEX (e.g., Hyperliquid)
  • LONG on another DEX (e.g., Lighter)

Example:

  • Asset: SUI
  • Hyperliquid: SHORT, earning 10.95% APR
  • Lighter: LONG, earning -32% APR (you get paid)

Both positions should be set with:

  • Matching amounts (e.g., $250 each)
  • Matching Stop Loss and Take Profit (inverted)

Bonus:

You earn points on Lighter (confirmed airdrop) and potentially on Hyperliquid (based on past behavior).

Pro tip: Maintain positions open longer to maximize airdrop points. It's not just about volume.

Time commitment: ~10–15 minutes/day

Step 4: Add Liquidity to Blue Chip Pools with Airdrop Potential

Use concentrated liquidity (Uniswap V3-style) on promising DEXs:

  • Example: Momentum DEX on SUI network
  • Pool: SUI/USDC
  • APR: Up to 100%
  • Multiplier: x2 points for upcoming airdrop

Why this works:

  • SUI is a top-15 token ("blue chip")
  • Less volatility than meme coins
  • Good APR + future airdrop potential

State Diagram — Risk & Reward

Step 5: Optional High-Risk High-Reward LP

Allocate the last $250 to a low-cap token LP on a growing L2 (e.g., Base):

  • Project: Real utility (not meme)
  • APR: Up to 1,000%
  • Token: Small cap (~$5M market cap)

This is NOT for everyone.

Expect volatility, impermanent loss, and wild swings. But if chosen wisely, these LPs can deliver outsized short-term returns.

Suggested Portfolio Breakdown

Portfolio Stats:

  • 75% of capital in stablecoin pairs
  • 25% exposed to token volatility (blue chip + speculative)
  • Balanced between current income and future potential

Tips for Success

  • Use stop-loss and take-profit to avoid surprises.
  • Track APR and adjust positions weekly.
  • Don't just chase airdrops — chase value.
  • Log everything: deposits, returns, and performance.

Where to Start

Here are some platforms and resources worth checking:

  • Hyperliquid — Perpetual DEX, possible airdrop
  • Lighter — Perpetual DEX with confirmed airdrop
Keep an eye on whitelisted beta invites, as access may be limited!

Final Thoughts

If you're new to DeFi with limited funds and time, you don't need to gamble to grow. The key lies in combining yield generation with airdrop hunting, all while keeping most of your capital in stable, manageable positions.

In under 3 hours per week, you can:

  • Earn double-digit APRs on stablecoins
  • Accumulate potential airdrops
  • Learn how DeFi really works

Stay disciplined, track everything, and iterate. Remember: DeFi rewards the curious, the early, and the consistent.

What's Your Move?

Would you tweak the allocations? Know another DEX with strong airdrop potential? Drop your thoughts in the comments and let's build smarter together.



source: https://raglup.medium.com/how-to-turn-1-000-and-3-hours-a-week-into-serious-defi-yields-without-gambling-8502e814033f?source=rss-f56f44caad34------2

miércoles, 2 de julio de 2025

How to Turn $1,000 and 3 Hours a Week into Serious DeFi Yields (Without Gambling)

DeFi is an ocean of opportunities, but also a minefield of risks. If you're entering this space with only $1,000 and limited time, the worst thing you can do is gamble it all on speculative tokens. Instead, what you need is a deliberate, strategic approach that maximizes learning, minimizes exposure, and sets you up for long-term success.

This article outlines a practical DeFi plan tailored to those with small capital and tight schedules. You'll discover low-risk strategies, smart airdrop farming, effective liquidity provision, and how to earn passive income with minimal active management — all while building exposure to future opportunities.

Step 1: Start Slow — Your First Rule

If $1,000 is all you can allocate, then it's precious. Don't rush. The first priority is to learn how DeFi works using small amounts — think $10 or $20 — before committing real capital.

Key points:

  • Spend time testing wallets, bridges, swaps, and networks.
  • Track protocols that offer airdrop points for usage.
  • Join community Discords, follow dev teams, and read whitepapers.
"Speed is irrelevant if you're going in the wrong direction."

Step 2: Explore the DeFi Toolbox

Here are the core strategies available in DeFi today:

Lending Platforms (Low Risk)

  • Supply stablecoins and earn interest.
  • Optional: Borrow against your collateral and re-deposit (looping).

Delta-Neutral Strategies (Medium Risk)

  • Long and short the same asset across two platforms.
  • Capture funding rate spreads while avoiding market exposure.

Semi-Delta Neutral (Medium-High Risk)

  • Slight market exposure with added rewards potential.

Liquidity Pools (Variable Risk)

  • Provide tokens to trading pools and earn fees.
  • Use full-range LPs (passive) or concentrated LPs (active).

Strategy Spectrum by Risk/Time:

Step 3: Delta-Neutral Yield + Airdrop Farming

Earn APR now + a potential future airdrop — the holy grail of DeFi.

Open mirrored positions across two perpetual DEXes:

  • SHORT on one DEX (e.g., Hyperliquid)
  • LONG on another DEX (e.g., Lighter)

Example:

  • Asset: SUI
  • Hyperliquid: SHORT, earning 10.95% APR
  • Lighter: LONG, earning -32% APR (you get paid)

Both positions should be set with:

  • Matching amounts (e.g., $250 each)
  • Matching Stop Loss and Take Profit (inverted)

Bonus:

You earn points on Lighter (confirmed airdrop) and potentially on Hyperliquid (based on past behavior).

Pro tip: Maintain positions open longer to maximize airdrop points. It's not just about volume.

Time commitment: ~10–15 minutes/day

Step 4: Add Liquidity to Blue Chip Pools with Airdrop Potential

Use concentrated liquidity (Uniswap V3-style) on promising DEXs:

  • Example: Momentum DEX on SUI network
  • Pool: SUI/USDC
  • APR: Up to 100%
  • Multiplier: x2 points for upcoming airdrop

Why this works:

  • SUI is a top-15 token ("blue chip")
  • Less volatility than meme coins
  • Good APR + future airdrop potential

State Diagram — Risk & Reward

Step 5: Optional High-Risk High-Reward LP

Allocate the last $250 to a low-cap token LP on a growing L2 (e.g., Base):

  • Project: Real utility (not meme)
  • APR: Up to 1,000%
  • Token: Small cap (~$5M market cap)

This is NOT for everyone.

Expect volatility, impermanent loss, and wild swings. But if chosen wisely, these LPs can deliver outsized short-term returns.

Suggested Portfolio Breakdown

Portfolio Stats:

  • 75% of capital in stablecoin pairs
  • 25% exposed to token volatility (blue chip + speculative)
  • Balanced between current income and future potential

Tips for Success

  • Use stop-loss and take-profit to avoid surprises.
  • Track APR and adjust positions weekly.
  • Don't just chase airdrops — chase value.
  • Log everything: deposits, returns, and performance.

Where to Start

Here are some platforms and resources worth checking:

  • Hyperliquid — Perpetual DEX, possible airdrop
  • Lighter — Perpetual DEX with confirmed airdrop
Keep an eye on whitelisted beta invites, as access may be limited!

Final Thoughts

If you're new to DeFi with limited funds and time, you don't need to gamble to grow. The key lies in combining yield generation with airdrop hunting, all while keeping most of your capital in stable, manageable positions.

In under 3 hours per week, you can:

  • Earn double-digit APRs on stablecoins
  • Accumulate potential airdrops
  • Learn how DeFi really works

Stay disciplined, track everything, and iterate. Remember: DeFi rewards the curious, the early, and the consistent.

What's Your Move?

Would you tweak the allocations? Know another DEX with strong airdrop potential? Drop your thoughts in the comments and let's build smarter together.



source: https://raglup.medium.com/how-to-turn-1-000-and-3-hours-a-week-into-serious-defi-yields-without-gambling-8502e814033f?source=rss-f56f44caad34------2