UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL
"SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ"
NÚCLEO PALO VERDE

CONTENIDO PROGRAMÁTICO

TEMA 1: GENERALIDADES.

1. DEFINICIÓN DE FINANZAS.
2. CONCEPTO DE FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
3. IMPORTANCIA DE LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
4. NOMENCLATURA USADAS EN LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
5. VALOR DE CAMBIO CON RESPECTO AL DÓLAR Y AL EURO.
6. TIPOS DE OPERACIONES INTERNACIONALES.
7. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.

TEMA 2: BALANZA DE PAGOS.

1. CONCEPTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, TIPOS DE CUENTAS.
2. REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES CONTABLES.
3. PROBLEMAS EN EL REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
4. ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
5. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN VENEZUELA DESDE EL AÑO 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 3: SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO DEL SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.
2. SISTEMA PATRÓN ORO: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
3. SISTEMA BRETÓN WOODS: CONCEPTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS, COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1944 HASTA EL PRESENTE.
4. INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS INTERNACIONALES: FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA, ROL DE ESTOS ORGANISMOS A NIVEL GLOBAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS.
5. BANCO MUNDIAL: CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA Y ROL DE ESTE ORGANISMO MUNDIAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS TIEMPOS HASTA EL PRESENTE.
6. BANCO INTERNACIONAL DE PAGO (COMPENSACIÓN): ACUERDO DE BASILEA: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
7. SISTEMA MONETARIO EUROPEO: CREACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
8. LA MONEDA EURO: COTIZACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA (CANASTA DE VARIAS MONEDAS).
9. DERECHO ESPECIAL DE GIRO: CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y ESTRUCTURA.

TEMA 4: MERCADO CAMBIARIO.

1. CONCEPTO DE DIVISA.
2. MERCADO DE DIVISAS.
3. OPERACIONES DE CAMBIO EN EL MERCADO INTERNACIONAL.
4. TIPOS DE COTIZACIONES DE CAMBIO.
5. CONTRATOS A FUTURO (FORWARD): CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE CONTRATOS.
6. SISTEMA CAMBIARIO DE BANDAS: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
7. RIESGO CAMBIARIO: CONCEPTO, ELEMENTOS FUNDAMENTALES DEL RIESGO CAMBIARIO: POSICIÓN CORTA Y POSICIÓN LARGA, TIPOS DE RIESGOS DE CAMBIO: TRANSACCIÓN DE BALANCE Y ECONÓMICO, ENDEUDAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL EN MONEDA EXTRANJERA.
8. COMPORTAMIENTO DEL MERCADO CAMBIARIO EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 5: MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.
3. TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CRÉDITOS INTERNACIONALES. (TRAER MODELO).
4. MERCADO DE EURODÓLARES: TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO (TRAER MODELO).
5. MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE BONOS: CLASIFICACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE BONOS, ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
6. MERCADO DE EUROCRÉDITOS: ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.

TEMA 6: FINANCIAMIENTO DEL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. CARTA DE CRÉDITO: DEFINICIÓN, TIPOS, MODALIDADES, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS (TRAER MODELO).
3. COBRO DOCUMENTARIO: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
4. ACEPTACIÓN BANCARIA: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS. (TRAER MODELO).
5. FACTORIZACIÓN: DEFINICIÓN Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
6. FORFETIZACIÓN: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
7. ARRENDAMIENTO INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
8. PERMUTA INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).

TEMA 7: MERCADO BURSÁTIL INTERNACIONAL.

1. MERCADO WALL STREET (NEW YORK): FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
2. MERCADO DEL ORO: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
3. DEUDA EXTERNA MUNDIAL: MERCADO DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA LATINOAMERICANA, TIPOS DE TÍTULOS QUE SE COTIZAN Y OPERACIONES; PLAN BRADY: CONCEPTO, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS.
4. DEUDA EXTERNA VENEZOLANA: COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1983 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.
5. CLUB DE PARÍS: FUNCIONAMIENTO, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.
6. MERCADO DE TÍTULOS ADR Y GDR: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE ESTOS TÍTULOS.

TEMA 8: INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA.

1. CONCEPTO.
2. EFECTOS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN EL PAÍS RECEPTOR Y DEL PAÍS INVERSOR.
3. LA EMPRESA MULTINACIONAL: DEFINICIÓN, CARACTERÍSTICAS, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS DE SU INSTALACIÓN EN EL PAÍS.
4. FINANCIAMIENTO DE CASA MATRIZ A FILIAL Y VICEVERSA.
5. ASOCIACIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO EN VENEZUELA (TRAER 02 MODELOS DE CASOS EN NUESTRO PAÍS).
6. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.

lunes, 11 de mayo de 2020

TOP 10 HACKING MOVIES YOU SHOULD WATCH

Technology and hacking gave a new horizon to the science fiction movies. As hacking is getting common and every online thing is at risk whether it's 10% or 90%, not a system is 100% secure over the internet. Every day new security holes are getting discovered. So, now most of the sci-fi movies have the tech and hack stuff to grow awareness in everybody's mind about the online privacy and risk to their information. Here I am sharing top 10 hacking movies that worth a watch.

TOP 10 HACKING MOVIES

Here I have listed top 10 hacking movies that you should watch.

1. HACKERS (1995)

In Hackers, Angelina Jolie and Jonny Lee Miller portray two youthful and hip hackers. Miller portrays a hacker who got caught as a very young child at an age of 11 years after crashing thousands of computers and has been sentenced to zero computer access until his 18th birthday.

2. LIVE FREE OR DIE HARD (2007)

Live Free or Die Hard (also known as Die Hard 4 and released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America) is a 2007 American action film, and the fourth in the Die Hard film series depicts a scenario where a hacker played by Timothy Olyphant (of Justified fame) takes down nearly the entire U.S. infrastructure in an attempt to transfer trillions of dollars from the Federal Reserve to his account. This movie gives a complete idea of how actually these blackhat hackers operate.

3. EAGLE EYE (2008)

In this movie, two people get a call from an unknown number by a woman. They get a task on the phone that if they don't follow the phone call they would die. This movie displays supercomputer hack on all networks and military networks. This is just an amazing movie on how artificial intelligence computer hacks our real life for bad motives.

4. ALGORITHM (2014)

The film 'Algorithm' tracks the travails of Will, who is the freelance computer hacker who hacks into a top-secret government contractor agency and downloads all their recently developed programs." You can see the full movie below

5. WARGAMES (1983)

The film features David Lightman (Broderick), a young high school student hacker who accidentally hacks into a military supercomputer and starts the countdown to World War III.

6. THE MATRIX (1999)

This is one of the greatest science fiction movies. In this movie, reality, as perceived by most humans, is actually a simulated reality called "the Matrix", created by machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source.
A character named "Neo", who is a computer Hacker, learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the "dream world". The Matrix franchise is a trilogy movie series.

7. TAKEDOWN (2000)

This movie is based on famous computer U.S. hacker Kevin David Mitnick. Based upon the book and written by his nemesis, Tsutomu Shimomura, the story tends to glorify Shimomura. Mitnick operated in the 1980s and '90s and eventually went to prison for a couple of years. Now, he is a highly paid IT security consultant, speaker, and writer.

8. BLACKHAT (2015)

Blackhat is newly released movie by Chris Hemsworth. In this movie, hackers hack the Chinese nuclear power plant to start a nuclear reaction. Simultaneously, they also hack the stock exchange and steal millions of dollars from the bank. This movie shows how a black hat hackers threaten governments.

9. THE ITALIAN JOB (2003)

Although the MINI Coopers are really the stars of The Italian Job (a remake of the 1969 film of the same name), Seth Green plays Lyle, a hacker among a group of elite thieves, who is able to manipulate traffic signals, among other devices, that make this grand theft possible.

10. UNTRACEABLE (2008)

This film involves a serial killer who rigs contraptions that kill his victims based on the number of hits received by a website KillWithMe.com that features a live streaming video of the victim. Millions of people log on, hastening the victims' deaths.

There may be more exciting hacking movies but I found these top 10 hacking movies that you should watch for once.
You can also find out the top 5 most dangerous hackers in the real world living.

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This Asia-Pacific Cyber Espionage Campaign Went Undetected For 5 Years

An advanced group of Chinese hackers has recently been spotted to be behind a sustained cyber espionage campaign targeting government entities in Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and Brunei—which went undetected for at least five years and is still an ongoing threat. The group, named 'Naikon APT,' once known as one of the most active APTs in Asia until 2015,

via The Hacker News

Related word


CEH: Identifying Services & Scanning Ports | Gathering Network And Host Information | NMAP


CEH scanning methodology is the important step i.e. scanning for open ports over a network. Port is the technique used to scan for open ports. This methodology performed for the observation of the open and close ports running on the targeted machine. Port scanning gathered a valuable information about  the host and the weakness of the system more than ping sweep.

Network Mapping (NMAP)

Basically NMAP stands for Network Mapping. A free open source tool used for scanning ports, service detection, operating system detection and IP address detection of the targeted machine. Moreover, it performs a quick and efficient scanning a large number of machines in a single session to gathered information about ports and system connected to the network. It can be used over UNIX, LINUX and Windows.

There are some terminologies which we should understand directly whenever we heard like Open ports, Filtered ports and Unfiltered ports.

Open Ports means the target machine accepts incoming request on that port cause these ports are used to accept packets due to the configuration of TCP and UDP.

Filtered ports means the ports are usually opened but due to firewall or network filtering the nmap doesn't detect the open ports.

Unfiltered means the nmap is unable to determine whether the port is open or filtered  while the port is accessible.

Types Of NMAP Scan


Scan TypeDescription
Null Scan This scan is performed by both an ethical hackers and black hat hackers. This scan is used to identify the TCP port whether it is open or closed. Moreover, it only works over UNIX  based systems.
TCP connectThe attacker makes a full TCP connection to the target system. There's an opportunity to connect the specifically port which you want to connect with. SYN/ACK signal observed for open ports while RST/ACK signal observed for closed ports.
ACK scanDiscovering the state of firewall with the help ACK scan whether it is stateful or stateless. This scan is typically used for the detection of filtered ports if ports are filtered. Moreover, it only works over the UNIX based systems.
Windows scanThis type of scan is similar to the ACK scan but there is ability to detect an open ports as well filtered ports.
SYN stealth scanThis malicious attack is mostly performed by attacker to detect the communication ports without making full connection to the network.
This is also known as half-open scanning. 

 

All NMAP Commands 


CommandsScan Performed
-sTTCP connect scan
-sSSYN scan
-sFFIN scan
-sXXMAS tree scan
-sNNull scan
-sPPing scan
-sUUDP scan
-sOProtocol scan
-sAACK scan
-sWWindow scan
-sRRPC scan
-sLList/DNS scan
-sIIdle scan
-PoDon't ping
-PTTCP ping
-PSSYN ping
-PIICMP ping
-PBICMP and TCP ping
-PBICMP timestamp
-PMICMP netmask
-oNNormal output
-oXXML output
-oGGreppable output
-oAAll output
-T ParanoidSerial scan; 300 sec between scans
-T SneakySerial scan; 15 sec between scans
-T PoliteSerial scan; .4 sec between scans
-T NormalParallel scan
-T AggressiveParallel scan, 300 sec timeout, and 1.25 sec/probe
-T InsaneParallel scan, 75 sec timeout, and .3 sec/probe

 

How to Scan

You can perform nmap scanning over the windows command prompt followed by the syntax below. For example, If you wanna scan the host with the IP address 192.168.2.1 using a TCP connect scan type, enter this command:

nmap 192.168.2.1 –sT

nmap -sT 192.168.2.1

Continue reading


domingo, 10 de mayo de 2020

DigitalOcean Data Leak Incident Exposed Some Of Its Customers Data

DigitalOcean, one of the biggest modern web hosting platforms, recently hit with a concerning data leak incident that exposed some of its customers' data to unknown and unauthorized third parties. Though the hosting company has not yet publicly released a statement, it did has started warning affected customers of the scope of the breach via an email. According to the breach notification

via The Hacker News

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Airpwn: A Wireless Packet Injector


"Airpwn is a framework for 802.11 (wireless) packet injection. Airpwn listens to incoming wireless packets, and if the data matches a pattern specified in the config files, custom content is injected "spoofed" from the wireless access point. From the perspective of the wireless client, airpwn becomes the server." read more...


Website: http://airpwn.sourceforge.net

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Hackable - Secret Hacker | Vulnerable Web Application Server

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Vlang Binary Debugging

Why vlang? V is a featured, productive, safe and confortable language highly compatible with c, that generates neat binaries with c-speed, the decompilation also seems quite clear as c code.
https://vlang.io/

After open the binary with radare in debug mode "-d" we proceed to do the binary recursive analysis with "aaaa" the more a's the more deep analys.



The function names are modified when the binary is crafted, if we have a function named hello in a module named main we will have the symbol main__hello, but we can locate them quicly thanks to radare's grep done with "~" token in this case applied to the "afl" command which lists all the symbols.


Being in debug mode we can use "d*" commands, for example "db" for breakpointing the function and then "dc" to start or continue execution.


Let's dissasemble the function with "pD" command, it also displays the function variables and arguments as well, note also the xref "call xref from main"


Let's take a look to the function arguments, radare detect's this three 64bits registers used on the function.


Actually the function parameter is rsi that contains a testing html to test the href extraction algorithm.


The string structure is quite simple and it's plenty of implemented methods.




With F8 we can step over the code as we were in ollydbg on linux.


Note the rip marker sliding into the code.


We can recognize the aray creations, and the s.index_after() function used to find substrings since a specific position.


If we take a look de dissasembly we sill see quite a few calls to tos3() functions.
Those functions are involved in string initialization, and implements safety checks.

  • tos(string, len)
  • tos2(byteptr)
  • tos3(charptr)

In this case I have a crash in my V code and I want to know what is crashing, just continue the execution with "dc" and see what poits the rip register.



In visual mode "V" we can see previous instructions to figure out the arguments and state.


We've located the crash on the substring operation which is something like "s2 := s1[a..b]" probably one of the arguments of the substring is out of bounds but luckily the V language has safety checks and is a controlled termination:



Switching the basic block view "space" we can see the execution flow, in this case we know the loops and branches because we have the code but this view also we can see the tos3 parameter "href=" which is useful to locate the position on the code.



When it reach the substr, we can see the parameters with "tab" command.



Looking the implementation the radare parameter calculation is quite exact.


Let's check the param values:


so the indexes are from 0x0e to 0x24 which are inside the buffer, lets continue to next iteration,
if we set a breakpoint and check every iteration, on latest iteration before the crash we have the values 0x2c to 0x70 with overflows the buffer and produces a controlled termination of the v compiled process.





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