UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL
"SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ"
NÚCLEO PALO VERDE

CONTENIDO PROGRAMÁTICO

TEMA 1: GENERALIDADES.

1. DEFINICIÓN DE FINANZAS.
2. CONCEPTO DE FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
3. IMPORTANCIA DE LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
4. NOMENCLATURA USADAS EN LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
5. VALOR DE CAMBIO CON RESPECTO AL DÓLAR Y AL EURO.
6. TIPOS DE OPERACIONES INTERNACIONALES.
7. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.

TEMA 2: BALANZA DE PAGOS.

1. CONCEPTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, TIPOS DE CUENTAS.
2. REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES CONTABLES.
3. PROBLEMAS EN EL REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
4. ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
5. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN VENEZUELA DESDE EL AÑO 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 3: SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO DEL SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.
2. SISTEMA PATRÓN ORO: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
3. SISTEMA BRETÓN WOODS: CONCEPTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS, COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1944 HASTA EL PRESENTE.
4. INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS INTERNACIONALES: FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA, ROL DE ESTOS ORGANISMOS A NIVEL GLOBAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS.
5. BANCO MUNDIAL: CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA Y ROL DE ESTE ORGANISMO MUNDIAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS TIEMPOS HASTA EL PRESENTE.
6. BANCO INTERNACIONAL DE PAGO (COMPENSACIÓN): ACUERDO DE BASILEA: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
7. SISTEMA MONETARIO EUROPEO: CREACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
8. LA MONEDA EURO: COTIZACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA (CANASTA DE VARIAS MONEDAS).
9. DERECHO ESPECIAL DE GIRO: CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y ESTRUCTURA.

TEMA 4: MERCADO CAMBIARIO.

1. CONCEPTO DE DIVISA.
2. MERCADO DE DIVISAS.
3. OPERACIONES DE CAMBIO EN EL MERCADO INTERNACIONAL.
4. TIPOS DE COTIZACIONES DE CAMBIO.
5. CONTRATOS A FUTURO (FORWARD): CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE CONTRATOS.
6. SISTEMA CAMBIARIO DE BANDAS: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
7. RIESGO CAMBIARIO: CONCEPTO, ELEMENTOS FUNDAMENTALES DEL RIESGO CAMBIARIO: POSICIÓN CORTA Y POSICIÓN LARGA, TIPOS DE RIESGOS DE CAMBIO: TRANSACCIÓN DE BALANCE Y ECONÓMICO, ENDEUDAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL EN MONEDA EXTRANJERA.
8. COMPORTAMIENTO DEL MERCADO CAMBIARIO EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 5: MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.
3. TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CRÉDITOS INTERNACIONALES. (TRAER MODELO).
4. MERCADO DE EURODÓLARES: TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO (TRAER MODELO).
5. MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE BONOS: CLASIFICACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE BONOS, ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
6. MERCADO DE EUROCRÉDITOS: ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.

TEMA 6: FINANCIAMIENTO DEL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. CARTA DE CRÉDITO: DEFINICIÓN, TIPOS, MODALIDADES, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS (TRAER MODELO).
3. COBRO DOCUMENTARIO: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
4. ACEPTACIÓN BANCARIA: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS. (TRAER MODELO).
5. FACTORIZACIÓN: DEFINICIÓN Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
6. FORFETIZACIÓN: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
7. ARRENDAMIENTO INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
8. PERMUTA INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).

TEMA 7: MERCADO BURSÁTIL INTERNACIONAL.

1. MERCADO WALL STREET (NEW YORK): FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
2. MERCADO DEL ORO: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
3. DEUDA EXTERNA MUNDIAL: MERCADO DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA LATINOAMERICANA, TIPOS DE TÍTULOS QUE SE COTIZAN Y OPERACIONES; PLAN BRADY: CONCEPTO, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS.
4. DEUDA EXTERNA VENEZOLANA: COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1983 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.
5. CLUB DE PARÍS: FUNCIONAMIENTO, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.
6. MERCADO DE TÍTULOS ADR Y GDR: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE ESTOS TÍTULOS.

TEMA 8: INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA.

1. CONCEPTO.
2. EFECTOS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN EL PAÍS RECEPTOR Y DEL PAÍS INVERSOR.
3. LA EMPRESA MULTINACIONAL: DEFINICIÓN, CARACTERÍSTICAS, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS DE SU INSTALACIÓN EN EL PAÍS.
4. FINANCIAMIENTO DE CASA MATRIZ A FILIAL Y VICEVERSA.
5. ASOCIACIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO EN VENEZUELA (TRAER 02 MODELOS DE CASOS EN NUESTRO PAÍS).
6. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.

miércoles, 8 de enero de 2025

The Dawn of a Global Bitcoin Gold Rush: Why Governments May Soon Join the Race

Picture a world where governments, not just early adopters and tech enthusiasts, scramble to hold Bitcoin before their geopolitical rivals do. This scenario, once considered science fiction, is becoming increasingly plausible. As major asset managers hint at portfolio exposure, U.S. political leaders signal a shift toward pro-crypto regulation, and states within the U.S. prepare strategic Bitcoin reserves, the stage is set for a massive influx of institutional and governmental participation. Far from the fleeting hype cycles of the past, this is a moment backed by data, historical patterns, and powerful players with trillions of dollars at their disposal.

In 2020, Bitcoin's meteoric rise coincided with a similar point in its four-year halving cycle. Fast forward to 2024: conditions now are even more favorable, with unprecedented scarcity in the market and global interests aligning to accelerate adoption. The impatience seen in some corners of the crypto community, worried that Bitcoin has stalled around certain price points, overlooks the profound shifts occurring behind the scenes. If history is any guide, we may be on the verge of a new era, one where Bitcoin doesn't just break records — it redefines the global financial landscape.

Setting the Stage: Bitcoin's Position in the Global Market

In recent years, Bitcoin has surged from being a niche digital asset to becoming one of the world's top financial contenders. According to CompaniesMarketCap, Bitcoin now rivals multinational giants like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft in terms of market valuation. This is not just retail speculators buying in — Wall Street titans and now even nation-states are exploring how to integrate Bitcoin into their reserves.

Historical Parallels: Lessons from 2020

The cyclical nature of Bitcoin's price movements is well-documented, notably correlated with its four-year halving cycle. In late 2020, Bitcoin remained flat for about a month before unexpectedly soaring by approximately 54%. Fast-forward to late 2024, and we are positioned at a similar point in the cycle. While no one can guarantee another 50% jump by year's end, history shows such explosive moves are not rare anomalies but recurring phenomena.

Big Players, Big Moves: Institutional and Governmental Interest

Asset Managers:
BlackRock, the world's largest asset manager, recently recommended up to a 2% portfolio exposure to Bitcoin. When you consider that BlackRock manages around $10 trillion in assets, even a small percentage shift could trigger a tidal wave of demand.

U.S. Political Shifts:
The newly elected U.S. administration appears poised to support Bitcoin and crypto innovation. Trusted advisors aligned with AI and crypto interests are being appointed to influential regulatory bodies. For example, individuals with deep ties to decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols are set to take on pivotal roles, potentially reshaping the regulatory landscape in favor of digital assets.

The State-Level Bitcoin Race:
Within the United States, states like Texas are proposing strategic Bitcoin reserves to get ahead of the federal government's potential moves. This dynamic — states versus the nation — adds another layer of complexity and urgency. If the U.S. government officially embraces Bitcoin, states that moved early stand to benefit the most. This pattern could spread globally as countries, from Russia to China, consider adding Bitcoin to their strategic reserves.

Scarcity at an All-Time High

As governments and institutions gear up, the supply side tells a compelling story. Data from CryptoQuant and various exchanges like Binance, Coinbase, and others shows historically low levels of Bitcoin available on exchanges. More investors are moving their Bitcoin off exchanges and into personal wallets, tightening supply. Combined with rising demand from juggernauts and governments, this scarcity sets the stage for significant price appreciation.

Below is a simple flowchart (in Mermaid format) to illustrate how decreasing supply and increasing demand might interact to push Bitcoin's price upward:

This loop shows how demand from large entities could interact with scarcity, reinforcing itself over time and potentially driving prices higher.

Practical Takeaways and Strategic Considerations

  • Long-Term Perspective:
    Investors often panic if Bitcoin doesn't rise immediately. But Bitcoin's value proposition is increasingly supported by long-term fundamentals — shrinking supply, growing institutional interest, and looming regulatory friendliness.
  • Diversification and Risk Management:
    Even with its growth potential, Bitcoin remains volatile. Responsible allocation — like the 2% exposure suggested by BlackRock — can mitigate risks while still providing substantial upside.
  • Global Financial Reshuffling:
    As nations consider Bitcoin as part of their strategic reserve, we may witness a fundamental reshuffling of global financial power. Those who move early could gain significant leverage.

Additional Resources

Conclusion: On the Edge of a New Era

The current landscape isn't just about price targets or short-term gains. It's about recognizing the profound structural shifts in how both private and public entities perceive Bitcoin. A new financial era is dawning, where governments race to accumulate digital gold, and major institutions stand ready to propel the crypto market into uncharted territory. This tension — between scarcity and soaring demand, between grassroots adoption and top-level policymaking — could define the financial zeitgeist of the coming decade.

As readers, analysts, or investors, the question isn't whether Bitcoin will rise — it's how high and how fast, and what global dynamics will unfold as a result. This is a moment that invites reflection and, for those prepared, decisive action.

What do you think about the idea of governments holding Bitcoin in their strategic reserves? Will this accelerate mainstream adoption, or will it create new tensions in international finance? Share your thoughts in the comments below.


source: https://raglup.medium.com/the-dawn-of-a-global-bitcoin-gold-rush-why-governments-may-soon-join-the-race-2453635ad6b7?source=rss-f56f44caad34------2

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