UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL
"SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ"
NÚCLEO PALO VERDE

CONTENIDO PROGRAMÁTICO

TEMA 1: GENERALIDADES.

1. DEFINICIÓN DE FINANZAS.
2. CONCEPTO DE FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
3. IMPORTANCIA DE LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
4. NOMENCLATURA USADAS EN LAS FINANZAS INTERNACIONALES.
5. VALOR DE CAMBIO CON RESPECTO AL DÓLAR Y AL EURO.
6. TIPOS DE OPERACIONES INTERNACIONALES.
7. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.

TEMA 2: BALANZA DE PAGOS.

1. CONCEPTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS, TIPOS DE CUENTAS.
2. REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES CONTABLES.
3. PROBLEMAS EN EL REGISTRO DE LAS OPERACIONES EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
4. ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS.
5. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN VENEZUELA DESDE EL AÑO 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 3: SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO DEL SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL.
2. SISTEMA PATRÓN ORO: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
3. SISTEMA BRETÓN WOODS: CONCEPTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS, COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1944 HASTA EL PRESENTE.
4. INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS INTERNACIONALES: FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA, ROL DE ESTOS ORGANISMOS A NIVEL GLOBAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS.
5. BANCO MUNDIAL: CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES, TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA Y ROL DE ESTE ORGANISMO MUNDIAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS TIEMPOS HASTA EL PRESENTE.
6. BANCO INTERNACIONAL DE PAGO (COMPENSACIÓN): ACUERDO DE BASILEA: SU CREACIÓN, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
7. SISTEMA MONETARIO EUROPEO: CREACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE SERVICIO QUE PRESTA.
8. LA MONEDA EURO: COTIZACIÓN, ESTRUCTURA (CANASTA DE VARIAS MONEDAS).
9. DERECHO ESPECIAL DE GIRO: CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y ESTRUCTURA.

TEMA 4: MERCADO CAMBIARIO.

1. CONCEPTO DE DIVISA.
2. MERCADO DE DIVISAS.
3. OPERACIONES DE CAMBIO EN EL MERCADO INTERNACIONAL.
4. TIPOS DE COTIZACIONES DE CAMBIO.
5. CONTRATOS A FUTURO (FORWARD): CONCEPTO, FUNCIONES Y TIPOS DE CONTRATOS.
6. SISTEMA CAMBIARIO DE BANDAS: DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
7. RIESGO CAMBIARIO: CONCEPTO, ELEMENTOS FUNDAMENTALES DEL RIESGO CAMBIARIO: POSICIÓN CORTA Y POSICIÓN LARGA, TIPOS DE RIESGOS DE CAMBIO: TRANSACCIÓN DE BALANCE Y ECONÓMICO, ENDEUDAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL EN MONEDA EXTRANJERA.
8. COMPORTAMIENTO DEL MERCADO CAMBIARIO EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA EL PRESENTE.

TEMA 5: MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL.
3. TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CRÉDITOS INTERNACIONALES. (TRAER MODELO).
4. MERCADO DE EURODÓLARES: TIPOS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO (TRAER MODELO).
5. MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE BONOS: CLASIFICACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE BONOS, ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.
6. MERCADO DE EUROCRÉDITOS: ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIONAMIENTO.

TEMA 6: FINANCIAMIENTO DEL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL.

1. CONCEPTO Y FINALIDAD.
2. CARTA DE CRÉDITO: DEFINICIÓN, TIPOS, MODALIDADES, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS (TRAER MODELO).
3. COBRO DOCUMENTARIO: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
4. ACEPTACIÓN BANCARIA: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS. (TRAER MODELO).
5. FACTORIZACIÓN: DEFINICIÓN Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
6. FORFETIZACIÓN: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
7. ARRENDAMIENTO INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).
8. PERMUTA INTERNACIONAL: CONCEPTO Y TIPOS (TRAER MODELO).

TEMA 7: MERCADO BURSÁTIL INTERNACIONAL.

1. MERCADO WALL STREET (NEW YORK): FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
2. MERCADO DEL ORO: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE OPERACIONES.
3. DEUDA EXTERNA MUNDIAL: MERCADO DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA LATINOAMERICANA, TIPOS DE TÍTULOS QUE SE COTIZAN Y OPERACIONES; PLAN BRADY: CONCEPTO, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS.
4. DEUDA EXTERNA VENEZOLANA: COMPORTAMIENTO DESDE 1983 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.
5. CLUB DE PARÍS: FUNCIONAMIENTO, VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS.
6. MERCADO DE TÍTULOS ADR Y GDR: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE ESTOS TÍTULOS.

TEMA 8: INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA.

1. CONCEPTO.
2. EFECTOS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTERNA DIRECTA EN LA BALANZA DE PAGOS EN EL PAÍS RECEPTOR Y DEL PAÍS INVERSOR.
3. LA EMPRESA MULTINACIONAL: DEFINICIÓN, CARACTERÍSTICAS, VENTAJA Y DESVENTAJAS DE SU INSTALACIÓN EN EL PAÍS.
4. FINANCIAMIENTO DE CASA MATRIZ A FILIAL Y VICEVERSA.
5. ASOCIACIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CONCEPTO Y FUNCIONAMIENTO EN VENEZUELA (TRAER 02 MODELOS DE CASOS EN NUESTRO PAÍS).
6. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA EN VENEZUELA DESDE 2005 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS.

viernes, 30 de mayo de 2025

Why I Lost Over $100,000 in Crypto: The Biggest Mistake to Avoid

The crypto market is a wild ride, full of dizzying highs and gut-wrenching lows. Like many, I've tasted the thrill of massive gains, only to watch them vanish due to a single, critical mistake: prioritizing being right over making money. This mindset cost me over $100,000 in 2022, and it's a trap countless investors fall into. I'll share the lessons I learned the hard way, why this error is so common, and how you can avoid it to become a smarter, more adaptable crypto investor. Buckle up — this is a story of loss, reflection, and redemption, with actionable insights to protect your portfolio.

The Harsh Truth About Crypto Losses

The crypto market doesn't care about your convictions or your carefully crafted investment theses. It's a brutal arena where adaptability trumps stubbornness. Most investors, myself included, have lost significant sums not because of market manipulation or lack of skill, but because we cling to the need to be right. We fall in love with projects, ignoring the market's signals, and end up holding losing positions far longer than we should.

This mindset stems from traditional investing wisdom, where long-term holding often pays off in stable markets like stocks or ETFs. But crypto is different — it's volatile, speculative, and driven by momentum. According to a 2023 study by Chainalysis, over 60% of crypto investors who lost money in bear markets cited "holding too long" as a primary reason. My story is a case study in this mistake, and it starts with two projects I believed in wholeheartedly.

My $100,000 Mistake: A Tale of Two Projects

In 2021, I was riding high on the crypto bull run. Two projects caught my eye: Luxo and Morpheus Network (XMW). Luxo was a blockchain focused on luxury, led by Fabian Westeller, the creator of Ethereum's ERC-20 protocol. Despite its potential, its market cap was under $1 billion, a fraction of competitors like Polkadot or Avalanche, which boasted valuations in the tens of billions. Morpheus Network, on the other hand, targeted logistics, with partnerships like the Argentine government and founders from major corporations. Both projects had stellar teams, ambitious roadmaps, and seemingly limitless potential.

Coming from a stock market and startup background, I was hooked. I analyzed their fundamentals — technology, team, and vision — and fell in love. I invested heavily, convinced these were the next big thing. Fast forward to 2022, the bear market hit, and both projects tanked alongside the broader market. My response? I doubled down, buying the dip at 15%, 25%, even 50% losses. I was certain the fundamentals would prevail. Spoiler: they didn't. By the end of 2022, I had lost nearly all my 2021 gains — over $100,000 — because I refused to adapt.

Why Did This Happen?

My mistake wasn't poor analysis; it was failing to understand crypto's unique dynamics. Unlike traditional markets, crypto is driven by speculation and liquidity, not just fundamentals. Projects with great teams can fail if they lose market attention. My conviction in Luxo and Morpheus Network blinded me to the market's signals, like declining prices and waning interest. I was trying to apply stock market logic — hold for the long term — to a market that rewards trading and momentum.

Fun Fact: A 2024 report by Glassnode found that 70% of altcoins from the 2021 bull run lost over 90% of their value by mid-2022, highlighting the crypto market's volatility and the dangers of blind holding.

The Core Lesson: Adaptability Over Conviction

The crypto market doesn't reward stubbornness; it rewards adaptability. The price is the ultimate truth, and fighting it is a losing battle. Markets are never wrong — only people are. To succeed, you must learn to read the market's signals and pivot when necessary, even if it means admitting you were wrong.

Take Berachain, a project I admire for its technology and community. Despite its strengths, its price action since launch has been lackluster. While Bitcoin, Solana, and even Ethereum gained traction in recent rallies, Berachain stagnated or fell. Holding onto it out of loyalty would have been a mistake. Instead, I exited my position, preserving capital for better opportunities. I still believe in Berachain's long-term potential, but I'm waiting for market signals — like renewed attention or price momentum — before re-entering.

How to Be Adaptable

To avoid my mistake, adopt these strategies:

  • Follow the Price Action: The market's price movements are your best guide. If a project isn't gaining traction, don't fight the trend.
  • Set Clear Entry and Exit Points: Define your investment thesis with specific triggers for buying and selling. For example, exit if a token drops 20% below your entry price or fails to follow a market rally.
  • Document Everything: Keep a trading journal to record why you entered or exited a trade. Review it regularly to refine your strategy.
  • Avoid the Hero Complex: Betting against the market, like Michael Burry in The Big Short, is tempting but risky. Most successful crypto investors, like MicroStrategy's Michael Saylor, buy during uptrends, not against them.
Pro Tip: Michael Saylor's Bitcoin purchases, as tracked by BitInfoCharts, show he bought heavily during bullish trends, capitalizing on momentum rather than fighting downturns.

Avoiding Emotional Traps

The crypto market thrives on emotion — fear of missing out (FOMO) and the urge to "be right" can cloud judgment. My $100,000 loss was fueled by emotional attachment to Luxo and Morpheus Network. I ignored red flags because I wanted my analysis to be correct. This is a common trap, especially for those transitioning from traditional markets.

To combat this:

  • Don't Fall in Love with Projects: Treat investments as trades, not marriages. If a project underperforms, cut losses and move on.
  • Embrace Being Wrong: Admitting a mistake isn't failure — it's growth. Exiting a losing trade frees up capital for better opportunities.
  • Avoid Buying the Dip Blindly: Only buy dips if confirmed by positive price action or market trends. As the saying goes, "Don't catch a falling knife."

Building a Winning System

The key to long-term success in crypto is a disciplined system. Here's how to build one:

  1. Define Your Thesis: Outline why you're investing in a project, including price targets and risk levels.
  2. Track Your Trades: Use a journal to log every trade, including reasons for entry and exit. Tools like Notion or Excel work well.
  3. Review and Refine: Analyze your wins and losses to identify patterns. What worked? What didn't?
  4. Stay Liquid: Keep cash reserves to seize new opportunities, like emerging narratives (e.g., DeFi, AI, or memecoins).

By documenting and reviewing your trades, you'll spot mistakes and replicate successes. Over time, this system will make you a better investor.

Did You Know?: A 2022 study by the University of Cambridge found that traders who kept detailed journals improved their returns by an average of 15% compared to those who didn't.

Sources:



source: https://raglup.medium.com/why-i-lost-over-100-000-in-crypto-the-biggest-mistake-to-avoid-6980110f62e3?source=rss-f56f44caad34------2

No hay comentarios: